2019教師招聘考試：中小學(xué)英語基礎(chǔ)知識-  形容詞副詞（二）

[析] 副詞在句中的位置很活，但主要有以下幾種用法：①實意動詞之前，如：He quickly give me the answer. ② 在be動詞之后，如：The little boy is often late for class. ③ 第一助動詞之后，如：This book has almost been finished. ④ 在單獨使用的be動詞和助動詞之前，如： Can you help me this afternoon? 　I certainly can.　但是無論如何也不能將副詞置于動詞與賓語之間，如果是賓語從句或是很長的名詞

詞組作賓語則才可以這樣用：

He heard clearly what the teacher said.

[誤] The children came late yesterday to the cinema.

[正] The children came late to the cinema yesterday.

[析] 表示一定長度的時間的副詞不應(yīng)放于句中，可放于句尾。如果表示強調(diào)則可放于句首。

[誤] You have few new books, haven't you?

[正] you have few new books, have you?

[析] 英語中的數(shù)量形容詞有兩組。修飾可數(shù)名詞的有few(很少，幾乎沒有)，a few(有一些，幾個);修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有l(wèi)ittle (很少，幾乎沒有)，a little(有一點，有一些)。要注意的是當few和little用于句中時應(yīng)看作否定句，而 a few 和a little 用于句中時則應(yīng)看作是肯定句。

[誤] He spent quite little money on his food.

[正] He spent quite a little money on his food.

[析] quite a 為一固定用法，其意為"十分，相當，所以"。 quite a few=many, quite a little=much 而only a little=little, only a few=few.

[誤] Do you want to have many bread?

[正] Do you want to have some bread?

[析] some與any都可以用作形容詞、副詞或代詞，在一般情況下，some用于肯定句，any用于疑問句和否定句，但在希望得到肯定答復(fù)時，應(yīng)用some。 其次是some 可以用來修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。

[誤] Please tell me wher the shoes shop is?

[正] Please tell me wher the shoe shop is.

[析] 在用名詞作修飾詞來修飾另一名詞時，這個作修飾詞的名詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式，如：

a shoe shop 鞋店

a fruit shop 水果店

a book shop 書店

a post office 郵局

a police station 警察局

a bus stop 汽車站

[誤] He is weak at physics.

[正] He is weak in physics.

[析] 在表達擅長于作某事時用be good at something, 而其反意詞為be bad at something， 但be weak in something。

[誤] This dictionary is worth to buy.

[正] This dictionary is worth buying.

[析] be worth 后可接動、名詞表達值得作某事，又可接價格、金錢表示值多少錢。

[誤] Don't afraid of that.

[正] Don't be afraid of that.

[析] afraid 在英文中是形容詞而不是動詞。這樣的詞組還有：

be afraid of 害怕 be careful of 小心

be certain of 有把握，確定 be sure of 確信

be glad of 高興 be sick of 厭惡

be fond of 喜歡

[誤] The work has already been done well.

[正] The work has already been well done.

[析] well 與badly作副詞時，表示好壞，如果句子是被動語態(tài)，則應(yīng)放在過去分詞之前，如：This machine has been badly damaged. 如果句子是主動語態(tài)，則應(yīng)放于句末，如：I did my homework well.

[誤] We are yet in the classroom now.

[正] We are already in the classroom now.

[析] already主要用于肯定句，而yet多用于否定句和疑問句中，如：

Did you finish it? No. not yet.

[誤] Look. Here comes he!

[正] Look! Here he comes!

[誤] Look! Here the bus comes!

[正] Look! Here comes the bus!

[析] 在句子開頭用Here時，如主語是人稱代詞則不要用倒裝語序，如果主語是名詞則要用倒裝語序。

[誤] She is my older sister.

[正] She is my elder sister.

[析] elder 和eldest是用來指家庭中兄弟姐妹的長幼關(guān)系，而older, oldest 則是指歲數(shù)大多少，如：She is three years older than I.

[誤] I'm tired. I can't go further.

[正] I'm tired. I can't go farther.

[析] far有兩個比較級 farther 較遠的，further 進一步的，如：Do you need any further explanation? 你需要進一步的解釋嗎?當然它也有兩個高級。farthest和furthest.

[誤] I went to Beijing University five years before.

[正] I went to Beijing University five years ago.

[析] ago常與過去時連用，而before則多與完成時連用。

[誤] - Have you finished your homework??

- No, not already.

[正] - Have you finished your homework??

- No, not yet.

[析] 仍然有三個英文字可以表達它們是already， yet 與 still。 要注意的是 already經(jīng)常用于肯定句中，如The bus has already gone。 而yet 多用于疑問句和否定句中，如：Have you finished your homework yet? 而still則常用于主語與謂語動詞之間，如：We still can't decide what to do. 但也有時用于be 動詞之后，如：He is still here.

[誤] He is very higher than I am.

[正] He is much higher than I am.

[析] much可以用來修飾比較級，而very則用來修飾形容詞原級，如：I'm very tired.

[誤] - Can I walk to the station??- You'd better not. It is very far.

[正] - Can I walk to the station??

- You'd better not, It is a long way.

[析] for一般用在疑問句與否定句中，如：How far is it from here to the station? 又如：It isn't far.

[誤] I've ever been to America.

[正] I've been to America once.

[析] once 多用于肯定句，而ever則用于疑問句，否定句，及條件狀語從句中，如：Have you ever been to London?

[誤] - Could you pass the exam this time??

- No, I am not afraid so.

[正] - Could you pass the exam this time??

- No, I'm afraid not.

[析] 在肯定的答語中我們可以用so來代替上句所講的事件，如：Do you think she is a good student? Yes I think so, /I hope so, /I believe so/ I'm afraid so.但在否定的答語中，英語口語的習(xí)慣用法則有所不同，如，I don't think so 而在hope, belive 與 afraid后則常用not， 如：I hope not.

[誤] She didn't work enough hard, so she couldn't pass the exam.

[正] She didn't work hard enough, so she couldn't pass the exam.

[析] enough 可以作名詞用，如：Enough has been said for how to learn English well. (對于如何學(xué)好英語已經(jīng)講的足夠多了。)　另外它可以作為形容詞，如：I have enough money (or money enough) to buy this dictionary. 注意 enough作為形容詞時即可放于名詞前又可放于名詞后，在初中范圍的考題中多用于名詞之前。如果enough 作為副詞用，那么它一定要放在被修飾的形容詞或副詞之后。

[誤] You can't be very careful.

[正] You can't be too careful.

[析] 此句話的含意是你如何小心也不過分。too…to的用法是"太……以至于不能作某事"。但在實際應(yīng)用時也常常將后面的to省去，如：It is too expensive for me.那對我來講是太貴了。

[誤] He is good past fifty.

[正] He is well past fifty.

[析] well 作為副詞用時除用于"好"之外還有"大大地、遠遠地"，等意。往往有人對下面兩句的對或錯有爭議;

He is well.

He is good.

其實這兩句都是正確的表達法，只不過其含意不同。He is well是"他身體不錯"，而He is good 則為"他是個好人"。

[誤] She is not as half clever as her brother.

[正] She is not half as clever as her brother.

[析] 在as…as結(jié)構(gòu)中要將修飾形容詞的數(shù)量詞倍數(shù)及nearly, almost, exactly… 等置?于第一?個as之前。

[誤] He is same age as Tom.

[正] He is the same age as Tom.

[析] the same…as是固定的用法，其中定冠詞the是不可省也不能換成別的詞的。

[誤] Mother and her daughter are exactly like.

[正] Mother and her daughter are exactly alike.

* like 作為介詞，其意為"像"，應(yīng)用于 look like, be like, sound like, 其后要加賓語。而 ?alike? 是形容詞，或副詞，如: You and I think alike. The twins are dressed alike。 但 alike 僅作表語而不能用于名詞前作定語。

[誤] Who is taller of the two?

[正] Who is the taller of the two?

[析] 兩者的比較級之前要加定冠詞。

[誤] I have less books than Tom.

[正] I have fewer books than Tom.

[析] less 是 little的比較級，而fewer是few的比較級。less后應(yīng)加不可數(shù)名詞而fewer后是可數(shù)名詞。

[誤] There are three girls in my group. The cleverer is Mary.

[正] There are three girls in my group. The cleverest is Mary.

[析] 在兩者之間應(yīng)用比較級，在三者之間或三者以上的范圍內(nèi)應(yīng)用高級。

[誤] The boy sat there as quiet as his sister.

[正] The boy sat there as quietly as his sister.

[析] as…as的用法要注意的是：①在其中間應(yīng)加形容詞或副詞的原級，而不可加比較級，也有的語法書中稱為同級比較。②要根據(jù)句意決定是加形容詞還是副詞，這要看它具體是修飾動詞還是名詞而定，如：He is as good as his friend.

[誤] The harder you study, and you can learn more.

[正] The harder you study, the more you can learn.

[析] 英文中如果要表達越來越怎樣，在初中范圍有兩種表達法：①比較級+and+比較級。②定冠詞+比較級……，如：The nights are getting longer and longer。 要注意的是多音節(jié)形容詞的比較級前要加more，這樣的用法是：more and more 加形容詞，如：The girl is growing more and more beautiful.

[誤] Studying physics is not so interesting as to learn English.

[正] Studying physics is not so interesting as learning English.

[析] 在作比較時，英語一般要求對比的兩部分結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)一致。如用動名詞，應(yīng)都用動名詞，用不定式時則都用不定式。但有時在后一個不定式前的符號to可以省略。 如：To repair the old one is as much expensive as (to) buy a new one.

[誤] The girl is more cleverer than the boy.

[正] The girl is much more clever (much cleverer) than the boy.

[析] clever有兩個比較級：cleverer和more clever,要注意的是不能用比較級來修飾比較級?！lever的兩個比較級也各有不同之處，如用在兩種不同性質(zhì)的比較時多用more clever,如：He is more clever than honest. (他的聰明要遠遠超過其誠實。)

[析] The boy is the tallest to the three.

[正] The boy is the tallest of the three.

[析] 高級的范圍要用of加復(fù)數(shù)形式或加集合名詞。

[誤] This book is one of the most useful dictionary.

[正] This book is one of the most useful dictionaries.

[析] 在one of 后面高級形容詞后要加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。

[誤] This dictionary is the much best one of the English?Chinese dictionaries.

[正] This dictionary is much the best one of the English?Chinese dictionaries.

[析] 在修飾高級時應(yīng)用 far/by far/much 加the加高級。但very例外，如：He is the very best player in the team.

[誤] Shanghai is bigger than any other cities in China.

[正] Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China.

[析] 在比較級中表示比較對象時如用any other其后一般要加單數(shù)名詞。

[誤] Most of stories in this book are written in English.

[正] Most of the stories in this book are written in English.

[正] Most stories in this book are written in English.

[析] "大多數(shù)"一詞的表達法有most of the +名詞，或most+名詞。當用前一種結(jié)構(gòu)時，其后面的定冠詞不可少。

[誤] The temperature of that room is higher than this room.

[正] The temperature of that room is higher than that of this room.

[析] 比較級用于兩句話之間時，比較的部分不可省略掉，但為了避免重復(fù)，一般都要用that代替前面的單數(shù)名詞，而用those代替前面的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，如：The books in that box are bigger than those in this box。

[誤] He is no more here. Maybe he is at home.

[正] He is no longer here. Maybe he is at home.

[析] no more在現(xiàn)代英語中多譯為："從此再也不會了"，如：His voice is no more here. 他已經(jīng)去世了，他的聲音不可能再出現(xiàn)了。而用no longer 表達目前的狀態(tài)。要注意下面幾組句子的實際含意：　This room is no cleaner than that one.即兩間屋子都不干凈。(兩者都不干凈) This room is not cleaner than that one,即這屋子不如那間干凈。(前者不如后者干凈。即一間干凈，一間不干凈。)

(三) 例題解析

1? I think Chinese is ___ than maths.?

A. interesting B? more interesting?

C. most interesting D. the most interesting

[答案] B.

[析] 在有than作比較的句子中應(yīng)用形容詞的比較級。

2? - What does Lucy like better, singing or dancing??

- Singing. of course. She's known to ___ it.?

A. be good at B. be good for

C. be bad at D. be bad for

[答案] A.

[析] be good at為固定搭配，意為"擅長作某事"。初中英語中有些這樣的固定用法應(yīng)記牢，而不能似是而非。如：　be good at, be bad at, be poor in, be week in, be fit for

3? The Huang He River is one of ___ in China.?

A. The long river B. the longest river?

C. the longest rivers D. the longer river

[答案] C.

[析] 在one of + 定冠詞+高級之后的名詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

4? The girl was ___ afraid ___ she threw her bag away.?

A. so, that B. too, to C. too, that D. enough, to

[答案] A.

[析] so…that為"如此怎樣以至于如何"，此句意思是：小女孩如此害怕以至于扔下包跑掉了。而too…to的意思為"如何如何，以至于不能作某事"。但to的后面是動詞原形，而不是從句。

5? It was ___ yesterday than today.?

A. hot B. hoter

C. hotter D. the hottest

[答案] C.

[析] 用than表達比較的句中應(yīng)用比較級 。

6? Which subject do you like ___ , English Chinese or maths??

A. best B. well

C. better D. good

[答案] A.

[析] 在兩者之間應(yīng)用比較級，而在三者之間或三者以上用高級。

7? None of the students watched it ___ .?

A. careful enough B. enough carefully

C. carefully enough D. enough careful

[答案] C.

[析] 首先應(yīng)判定是選用用來修飾名詞的形容詞還是用來修飾動詞的副詞。這里是修飾watch這一動詞，應(yīng)選用副詞。當enough用來修飾副詞或形容詞時應(yīng)放于被修飾的形容詞或副詞之后。

8? ___ she eats, ___ she'll be.

A. More…fat B. The more…fatter

C. More…the fatter D. The more…the fatter

[答案] D.

[析] the+比較級表示"越來越……"本句應(yīng)譯為：她吃得越多，她就會越胖。

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